All you should know over CompTIA (1)

In recent years, IT certification receives more and more public attention, and many industry friends have a plan for certification test. But many candidates are not familiar with the most basic problems such as registration, examinations, training, etc. According to the most frequently asked and typical questions consulted before, we have composed the article in which we have clearly answered the questions examinees are concerned about most. This would show a clear picture of something about IT certificates for everybody. As more than half of the certificates are CompTIA certificates and meanwhile the other certificates are similar only except for some slight differences, we will take CompTIA SY0-201 exam for example below.

First, registration. Many friends ask where to register, how many times will be held in a year and when to take the exam in their letters. As for CompTIA Security+ certificate exam, we can tell you that it is up to you when to sit for the exam. Why? Then we have to touch on the structure of the IT certificate exam first. There's no doubt that the CompTIA certification we usually talk about is a sort of qualification that CompTIA company demands for the technicians. However, the exams are not held by the company itself, but by those entrusted ones specializing in organizing exams, such as Sylvan, VUE, etc. These companies have test centers in more than 100 countries in the world, these centers are also connected through the network, the daily test results can be quickly sent to the commissioned company鈥檚 exam database. As for the IT enterprises, the exam commission cost is very low, so almost all IT certification are entrusted to the Sylvan and VUE agent, while the two companies are also agents, such as GRE, TOEFL, with which we are more familiar.

Exam time is free to decide, because in the theory examination centers can test every day. SY0-201 exam process something like this, first you go to test center to register and make an appointment time. On the examination day, the exam center will load the exam questions for all the candidates including taking the exam, and it is enough to choose your exam questions. However, in some places due to fewer candidates, the examination center will choose two days in a week as the examination time to concentrate the candidates, so you need to consult the specific examination time from test center.

2.Training chapter. Must participate in training to be eligible to have certification exam, it is issues that many friends concern. Here you can get the clear reply, training and SY0-201 exam have nothing related. Even if a person without any technology background can register the certification exam, of course, he can not pass the exam. Just as we have talked above, Sylvan exam center is a company proxy tests around the world, while training center is grant certification training center from IT enterprises. Since the two institutions both take the form of joining in by application, many training centers also applied to be the examination center at the same time for convenience.

Maybe you think your base is not very well, and you should take training course. But you should remember, the present IT certification exam are strenghthen the teaching, just take a few days training, a rookie can become a master is impossible. Because they have to finish CompTIA Security+ classbooks with thickness of hundreds of pages in several days, about 200 pages each day averagely. Therefore, if you can at least once look through the teaching material with some background, it is easy to imagine how the training result will go. Training Center is also a commercial organization; its operation is market-oriented, which is both good and bad. Therefore, we can not just look at the adoption rate when choosing the training center, having real improvement is the most important.

Learn Subnetting In 5 Minutes

You think Subnetting is a beast?
You think you have to be Superbrain to understand it?

Here the step-by-step course.
After reading and some self-training, you should be able to fix Subnetting-Questions in CCNA Exam
without any problems in a snatch.
Relax!

What is a Subnetmask?

With Subnetmasks, we can divide an IP-Address in network-part and in host-part.
A given IP-Network can be divided in smaller parts. Each of this smaller parts is called a “Subnet”.

If we for example have the network

192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
We have here ONE Class C – network, with 253 useable IPs for Client-PCs.

The useable IP Range of this network is

192.168.10.1 – 192.168.10.254

The very last IP of each Subnet is called Broadcast-Address.
This address is in that example 192.168.10.255 and its NOT useable for host-pcs.

If we want to divide this network in two parts, we must use subnetting.

With Subnetmask 255.255.255.128 we would divide the network in two parts.

192.168.10.1 – 192.168.10.127

192.168.10.128 – 192.168.10.255

So in this example, BEFORE we had one big Network.
With the change of the Subnet mask we did divide it in two smaller networks.

First with Subnet mask 255.255.255.0 we had THIS network:
192.168.10.0 >>> This is the “Network-IP” which is NOT usable for Host-PCs

192.168.10.1
192.168.10.2
192.168.10.3
192.168.10.4
192.168.10.5
…
…
…
192.168.10.253
192.168.10.254
192.168.10.255 >>>This is the Broadcast-IP, which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

Now with Subnetmask 255.255.255.128 we have THIS two networks:

First Subnet:

192.168.10.0 >>> This is the “Network-IP” which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

192.168.10.1
192.168.10.2
192.168.10.3
192.168.10.4
192.168.10.5
…
…
…
192.168.10.125
192.168.10.126
192.168.10.127 >>>This is the Broadcast-IP, which is NOT useable for Host-PCs
Second Subnet:

192.168.10.128 >>> This is the “Network-IP” which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

192.168.10.129
192.168.10.130
192.168.10.131
192.168.10..132
192.168.10.133
…
…
…
192.168.10.253
192.168.10.254
192.168.10.255 >>>This is the Broadcast-IP, which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

The Subnetmask defines how big the subnet is.
That means – how many Client-PCs will have place in that subnetwork.

A Subnetmask of 255.255.255.0 means in binary

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

So, what do we see?

4 Blocks, divided with a “.”. Each of these blocks is also called “octett”. Because – each Block has 8 bits.

To be able to do subnet-calculation, we first must understand binary calculation.

Lets take the first block.

The first “1″ stands for a 128.

The second “1″ stands for a 64.

The third “1″ stands for a 32.

The fourth “1″ stands for a 16.

The fifth “1″ stands for a 8.

And so on. That means:

11111111=255

11110000=240

11100000=224

If we see something like “/24″, that means that 24 bits are set to “1″, from the left side.

Examples:

/16 = 255.255.0.0 = 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000

/20 = 255.255.240.0 = 11111111.11111111.11110000

If we would take a subnetmask of 255.255.255.255 that would be

128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1.128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1.128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1.
128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1

and in binary it would be

11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111

Calculation of Subnet mask big enough for a specified number of Hosts

If they ask..

“create a subnet with minimum 10 host IPs”

than

1. calculate a power of two, that is minimum 10

2^3=8. That is not enough
2^4=16 That is higher than 10. Good.

2. Now put the LAST 4 Bits of your subnetmask to 0.

11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000

That is in decimal

255.255.255.240

With THIS Subnetmask, you have minimum 10 Host-Ips in the Subnet, without wasting to much IP-Addresses.

————————————————————
Other example

If they ask

Create a subnet with minimum 70 Host-IPs

1. Calculate a Power of 2 that is MINIMUM 70

2^6=64. Not enough.
2^7=128. Thats higher than 70. Good.

2. Put the LAST 7 Bits of your Subnetmask to 0.

11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000

That is in decimal

255.255.255.128

You have a Subnetmask, with more than 70 Host-IPs.

Look here, for some step by step examples, how to calculate subnets..

————————————————————————-

Calculation what is the Broadcast-IP of a Subnet

When they ask
“There is subnet 172.16.64.0/20. What is the BROADCAST ADDRESS of that Subnet, dude?”

1. Step

/20 meens 255.255.240.0

2. Step

Now analyze the Subnet Oktett to find out the “network-jumps”

240 means 11110000

The LAST of the 1s is under decimal 16. That are our “network jumps”
(128/64/32/16/8/4/2/1)
3. Step

Write down the network-jumps

172.16.64.0 – 172.16.79.255
+16 172.16.80.0 – 172.16.95.255
+16 172.16.96.0 – 172.16.111.255
+16 172.16.112.0 – 172.16.127.255

Because the NEXT Subnet in the example is 172.16.80.0, the broadcast must be 172.16.79.255, cause THAT is the IP BEFORE the next Subnet starts = the BroadcastAddress.

————————

Other example of Broadcast-IP calculation:

If it would be 172.16.64.0 /26

Same procedure

/26 means 255.255.255.192

192 is binary 11000000
The LAST 1 stands under the 64. That are in that example our “net-jumps”.

172.16.64.0 – 172.16.64.63 << 172.16.64.64 – 172.16.64.127
172.16.64.128 – 172.16.64.191

———————————————————————

Calculating first and last possible IP for a Host

You have Network 192.168.20.32 /27
The very first IP is reserved for Default Gateway!
What is the first and last valid IP for a Host-PC?

1.Step

/27 is 255.255.255.224

2.Step

224 means 11100000

The LAST 1 is under the 32. That are our “network-jumps” in this example
(128/64/32/16/8/4/2/1)

Valid IPs in that subnet:
192.168.20.33 – 192.168.20.62
(192.168.20.63 is NOT useable, this is the very last IP and so the BROADCAST-IP).
192.168.20.64 <<

So, because the very first IP is reserved for Default Gateway, our first Host-PC IP would be
192.168.20.34
The very last Host-PC IP would be
192.168.20.62

###################################################################

Here some examples of real exam questions, and step by step solutions:

Given that you have a class B IP address network range, which of the subnet masks
below will allow for 100 subnets with 500 usable host addresses per subnet?
A. 255.255.0.0
B. 255.255.224.0
C. 255.255.254.0
D. 255.255.255.0
E. 255.255.255.224

Solution:

Allways the same game… Like in 5 minute course..

Power of 2 that is minimum 500?
2^7=128
2^8=256
2^9=512 >>voila!

Now – put the last 9 Bits of your Subnetmask to “0″

11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000

That is in decimal
255.255.254.0

=====================================================================
If a host on a network has the address 172.16.45.14/30, what is the address of the
subnetwork to which this host belongs?
A. 172.16.45.0
B. 172.16.45.4
C. 172.16.45.8
D. 172.16.45.12
E. 172.16.45.18

Solution:

172.16.45.14/30

/30 means 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100

The last of the ones stands under the “4″. That is our increment or network jump.
172.16.45.0 – 172.16.45.3
172.16.45.4 – 172.16.45.7
172.16.45.8 – 172.16.45.11
172.16.45.12 – 172.16.45.15
172.16.45.16 – 172.16.45.19

As we see, the Ip is in the Range of 172.16.45.12 – 172.16.45.15.
So the network Address is 172.16.45.12

=================================================
QUESTION NO: 9
Which two of the addresses below are available for host addresses on the subnet
192.168.15.19/28? (Select two answer choices)
A. 192.168.15.17
B. 192.168.15.14
C. 192.168.15.29
D. 192.168.15.16
E. 192.168.15.31
F. None of the above

Solution:

/28 means 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000

The last 1 stands under the 16. This is increment or network-jumps.

192.168.15.0 – 192.168.15.15
192.168.15.16 – 192.168.15.31
192.168.15.32 – 192.168.15.47

Only A and C are IPs in the right range.
Also E is in the right range. But – this is not useable for hosts, cause its broadcastaddress.
So answer is A and C.

################################################################

————————————————————————————————————————-

Calculation of Wildcard-Masks (Needed for Access Lists and OSPF Configuration)

You have Network 192.168.32.0 /28
Only THIS network should be denied of accessing a network or server.

1. Step
calculate the wildcard mask

/28 means 255.255.255.240

binary this is

11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000

For wildcard-mask only the ZEROS are interesting.

11110000 Make a addition of all the fields, that are set to zero

128/64/32/16/8/4/2/1
That is 8+4+2+1=15

So the wildcard-mask will be
0.0.0.15

access-list will be

access-list 1 deny 192.168.32.0 0.0.0.15
access-list 1 permit ip any any

now, we have to bind that access-list to a routerinterface. In the example, this is e0.

interface e0
ip access-group 1 out (or in!)
exit

————————————————————————————————————————-

PS.

Its good to write on a BIG paper the powers of 2

2^2=4
2^3=8
2^4=16
2^5=32
2^6=64
2^7=128
2^8=256
2^9=512
2^10=1024
2^11=2048
2^12=4096

And write on that paper the numbers

128 192 224 240 248 252 254

Cause this are the Numbers, you will allways need in calculating Subnets.

Burn them in your mind! Hang the paper in front of your eyes to never forget them.
Then you will be able to calculate Subnets in your head in a half second!

Isn’t live easy?

For your convience, full tutorial is attached in download in txt file format

CompTIA CompTIA Linux+ xk0-002

As advanced technology develops continuously, it is a growing number of IT elite who are more and more needed by the market year by year.Though economic ups and downs, the trend of information will expand but not go backward.

Companies often attach more importance to individual strength when selecting talents.CompTIA CompTIA Linux+ certificate is the best proof of one specialty, for after acquiring the attestation of CompTIA Linux+, people must maintain their technological ability on their specialty at any time.For individuals, the CompTIA Linux+ certification is an effective solution to compete for better position as well as fat salary in one\'s career.Besides, xk0-002 is highly recognized by all the globe, and technical capacities are trusted by the very field.For an enterprise, according to the research, people with certificates have stronger ability on solving problems as well as on producing.The ratification has been considered the most important element by future information talents market as well as the assessment to the employment of the enterprises.

Here are the notes bofore preparing for the CompTIA xk0-002:

• (1) To have a clear purpose of obtaining the certificate. You should relate your strength to your work and be clear about which certificate you need.
• Value the certificate from the right perspective. With CompTIA Linux+ Certificate and related experience, you will be more competitive.
• (3) Selecting training organization correctly, a good training organization usually has enough qualified teachers and greater influences.
• (4) Be prepared for continuous learning.

testking 70-647 To Get 1000 score

Product DescriptionExam Number/Code: 70-647
Exam Name:Pro:Windows Server 2008, Enterprise Administrator

“Pro:Windows Server 2008, Enterprise Administrator”, also known as 70-647 exam, is a Microsoft certification. With the complete collection of questions and answers, Pass4sure has assembled to take you through 172 Q&As to your 70-647 Exam preparation. In the 70-647 exam resources, you will cover every field and category in MCITP helping to ready you for your successful Microsoft Certification

QUESTION 1
You use Visual Studio .NET to create a data entry form. The form enables users to
edit personal information such as address and telephone number. The form contains
a text box named textPhoneNumber.
If a user enters an invalid telephone number, the form must notify the user of the
error. You create a function named IsValidPhone that validates the telephone
number entered. You include an ErrorProvider control named ErrorProvider1 in
your form.
Which additional code segment should you use?
A. private void textPhone_Validating(
object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e) {
if (!IsValidPhone()) {

Actualtests.org – The Power of Knowing
errorProviderl.SetError (TextPhone,”Invalid Phone.”);
}
}
B. private void textPhone_Validated(
object sender, System.EventArgs e) {
if (!IsValidPhone()) {
errorProviderl.SetError (TextPhone,”Invalid Phone.”);
}
}
C. private void textPhone_Validating(
object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e) {
if (!IsValidPhone()) {
errorProviderl.GetError (textPhone Phone);
}
}
D. private void textPhone_Validated(
object sender, System.EventArgs e) {
if (!IsValidPhone()) {
errorProviderl.GetError (textPhone Phone);
}
}
E. private void textPhone_Validating(
object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e) {
if (!IsValidPhone()) {
errorProviderl.(UpdateBinding ();
}
}
F. private void textPhone_Validated(
object sender, System.EventArgs e) {
if (!IsValidPhone()) {
errorProviderl.(UpdateBinding ();
}
}
Answer: A
Explanation: The Validating event allows you to perform sophisticated validation
on controls. It is possible to use an event handler that doesn’t allow the focus to
leave the control until a value has been entered.
The ErrorProvider component provides an easy way to communicate validation errors to
users. The SetError method of the ErrorProvider class sets the error description string for
the specified control.
Note: Focus events occur in the following order:
1. Enter
2. GotFocus
3. Leave

Actualtests.org – The Power of Knowing
4. Validating
5. Validated
6. LostFocus
Reference: 70-306/70-316 Training kit, To create a validation handler that uses the
ErrorProvider component, Pages 93-94
.NET Framework Class Library, ErrorProvider.SetError Method [C#]
Incorrect Answers
C: The GetError method returns the current error description string for the specified
control.
E: The updateBinding method provides a method to update the bindings of the
DataSource, DataMember, and the error text. However, we just want to set the error
description.
B, D, F: The validated event occurs when the control is finished validating. It can used to
perform any actions based upon the validated input.
QUESTION 2
You work as a software developer at Certkiller .com. You develop a Windows-based
application that includes two objects named Certkiller Contact and
Certkiller Employee. Certkiller Employee inherits from Certkiller Contact, and
Certkiller Contact exposes an event named DataSaved. You want to raise the
DataSaved event from Certkiller Employee.
What should you do?
A. Call the RaiseEvent method from Certkiller Employee and pass DataSaved as the event
name.
B. Add the Public keyword to the DataSaved declaration in Certkiller Contact.
Call the RaiseEvent method from Certkiller Employee.
C. In Certkiller Contact, create a protected method named RaiseDataSaved that explicitly
raises the DataSaved event.
Call RaiseDataSaved from Certkiller Employee.
D. In Certkiller Employee, create a protected method named RaiseDataSaved that
explicitly raises the DataSaved event in Certkiller Contact.
Call RaiseDataSaved to fire the event.
Answer: A
QUESTION 3
You use Visual Studio .NET to create a form that includes a submenu item named
helpCKOption. In the Click event handler for helpOption, you write code to open a
Web browser loaded with a context-sensitive Help file.
You add a ContextMenu item named ContextMenu1 to the form. ContextMenu1
will be used for all controls on the form.
Now you need to add code to the Popup event handler for ContextMenu1. Your
code will create a popup menu that offers the same functionality as helpCKOption.

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You want to use the minimum amount of code to accomplish this goal.
Which two code segments should you use? (Each correct answer presents part of the
solution. Choose two)
A. ContextMenu1.MenuItems.Clear();
B. ContextMenu1.MenuItems.Add(”&Display Help”);
C. ContextMenu1.MenuItems.Add(helpCKOption.CloneMenu();
D. ContextMenu1.MenuItems[0].Click += new
System.EventHandler(helpCKOption_Click)
E. ContextMenu1.Popup += new
System.EventHandler(helpCKOption_Click)
Answer: A, C